Cystoscopy Melbourne
Cystoscopy is a procedure that allows your urologist to examine the lining of the bladder and urethra using a thin, flexible or rigid scope called a cystoscope. The cystoscope has a light and camera at the tip, providing real-time images of the urinary tract. This is one of the most common diagnostic procedures in urology and is essential for investigating various urinary symptoms and conditions.
Written and clinically reviewed by Dr Brendan Dias
Consultant Urologist & Robotic Surgeon · MBBS, MS (General Surgery), DrNB (Urology), IntFRCS (England), FUSANZ, FRACS (Urology)
Last clinically reviewed: 26 August 2026
Benefits
- Direct visualisation of the bladder and urethra
- Quick procedure typically taking 5-15 minutes
- Can be performed under local anaesthesia in the clinic
- Allows biopsy or treatment during the same procedure if needed
- Essential for bladder cancer surveillance
- Helps diagnose cause of blood in urine, recurrent infections, and other symptoms
The Procedure
Flexible cystoscopy is typically performed in the clinic under local anaesthetic gel applied to the urethra. You will lie on your back with knees bent. The flexible cystoscope is gently inserted through the urethra into the bladder, which is filled with sterile water to allow clear visualisation. The entire bladder lining is systematically examined. Rigid cystoscopy is performed under general or spinal anaesthesia and allows for additional procedures such as biopsy or tumour removal.
Who Is a Candidate?
Cystoscopy is recommended for investigating visible or microscopic blood in the urine (haematuria), recurrent urinary tract infections, bladder pain or urgency, difficulty urinating, surveillance of known bladder tumours, evaluation before planned bladder surgery, and unexplained lower urinary tract symptoms.
Recovery
After flexible cystoscopy, you can return to normal activities immediately. You may experience mild burning with urination and see small amounts of blood in your urine for 24-48 hours. Drink plenty of fluids to flush the bladder. After rigid cystoscopy under anaesthesia, you will need someone to drive you home and should rest for the remainder of the day.
Risks & Considerations
Cystoscopy is generally very safe. Potential complications include urinary tract infection (uncommon, occurs in 2-5% of cases), temporary burning or bleeding with urination, rarely urethral injury or difficulty passing urine after the procedure. Antibiotics may be prescribed if you have a history of recurrent infections or heart valve disease.